Peer-Reviewed Publication
NEJM AI2025;2(12)December 1, 2025Journal Article
Catalyzing Health AI by Fixing Payment Systems.
Narges Razavian1, Prem Batchu-Green2, Vikas Chowdhry3,4, Olivier Elemento5, Pranav Rajpurkar6, Suchi Saria7,8, Nigam H Shah9,10,11, Eric J Topol12
1Center for Healthcare Innovation and Delivery Science, Population Health and Radiology Departments, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
2Viz.ai, San Francisco, CA, USA.
3Traumacare.ai, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
4Executive Education Faculty at Cox School of Business, Dallas, TX, USA.
5Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
6a2z Radiology AI, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
7Bayesian Health, New York, NY, USA.
8Departments of Computer Science, Statistics, Medicine, and Health Policy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
9Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
10Clinical Excellence Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
11Technology and Digital Solutions, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
12Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) across sectors, health care remains one of the least transformed domains. This stagnation is not due to lack of data, clinical need, or innovation, but rather to persistent regulatory and economic misalignment. Even AI tools cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that meet clinical efficacy standards often face major barriers to adop…
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