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JMIR Res Protoc2026;15e71696.February 2, 2026Journal Article

Addressing Gaps in the Hypertension and Diabetes Care Continuum in Rural Bangladesh Through Digital Technology Supported Decentralized Primary Care: Study Protocol and Baseline Results for a Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial.

Wubin Xie1, Sabrina Ahmed2,3, Ali Ahsan4, Ananya Gupta1, Anais Masako Keenan5, Tanmoy Sarker4, Fahmida Akter4,6, Aysha Anan4, Md Mokbul Hossain4, Zahidul Quayyum7, Ahm Enayet Hussain8, Robed Amin8, Imran Ahmed Chowdhury9, Mithila Faruque10, Sohel Reza Choudhury11, Ian Y Goon12,13,14, Fred Hersch15, Lora L Sabin16, Brian Oldenburg12,17, John Chambers1,18, Malay Kanti Mridha4
1Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
2Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
3NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
4Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 65, Bir Uttam AK Khandakar Road, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 880 248812213 ext 18.
5Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Australia.
6Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
7BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
8Non-Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
9BRAC Health Programme, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
10Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
11Department of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
12Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
13Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
14Sprightly Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore.
15Google Health, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
16Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
17School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
18Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypertension and diabetes are very common, interrelated chronic conditions. Awareness, diagnosis, treatment, and control rates of these conditions remain low, and access to quality care-particularly in rural areas-is a persistent challenge in many low- and middle-income countries. Strengthening primary health care, including the use of digital tools, is important to improve management…

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