Peer-Reviewed Publication
J Immunother Cancer2025;13(12)December 21, 2025Journal Article
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: Standards for Reporting of Multiplex Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence Assays (STORMI).
Sam Sater1, Carlo B Bifulco2,3, Jaime Rodriguez-Canales4, Joe Yeong5,6, Guray Akturk7, Michael Angelo8, Carmen Ballesteros-Merino9, Peter Bankhead10, Subham Basu11, Jorge M Blando12, Saska Brajkovic13, Marco Cassano13, Benjamin J Chen14, Ahmet F Coskun15,16, Tricia R Cottrell17, Carlos E De Andrea18,19, Robin H Edwards20, Colt Egelston21, Logan L Engle22, Marc S Ernstoff23, Rong Fan24, Michael Feldman25, Bernard A Fox26,27, Jerome Galon28, Robyn Gartrell29, Sacha Gnjatic30, Benjamin F Green31, James L Gulley32, Anne Hellebust33, Stephen Hewitt34, Travis J Hollmann35, Lucas A Horn32, William J Howat36, Clifford C Hoyt37, Shawn M Jensen26,27, Arutha Kulasinghe38, Wiem Lassoued32, Steven Lott39, James Mansfield40, Sebastian Marwitz41,42, George Netto43, David B Page3, Edwin Parra44, David L Rimm45, Scott J Rodig46, Roberto Salgado47,48, Denis Schapiro49,50,51, Kurt A Schalper45, Joel C Sunshine52, Michael J Surace12, Alexander S Szalay53,54, Magdalena Thurin55, Jose C Villasboas56, Keith Wharton57,58, Ignacio I Wistuba59, Jennifer H Yearley60, Yinyin Yuan59, Geroge Zaki61, James Ziai62, Janis M Taube63
1HAS Consulting, Miami, Florida, USA.
2Providence Molecular Genomics Laboratory, Portland, Oregon, USA.
3Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.
4Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA.
5Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
6Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore.
7Merck & Co Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA.
8Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
9Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, California, USA.
10Edinburgh Pathology, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine and CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
11Navinci Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden.
12AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
13Lunaphore Technologies, Tolochenaz, Switzerland.
14Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
15Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
16Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
17Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
18Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
19Patología, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
20Robin H. Edwards Consulting, LLC, Newtown, Pennsylvania, USA.
21Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
22Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
23Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
24Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
25Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
26Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.
27Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.
28INSERM, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
29Department of Oncology, Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
30Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
31The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
32Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
33Indica Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
34Laboratory of Pathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
35Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
36Abcam, Cambridge, England, UK.
37Quanterix Corp, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA.
38Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
39Bruker Spatial Biology, San Jose, California, USA.
40Standard BioTools, Markhan, ON, Canada.
41Histology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.
42German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
43University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
44Department of Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
45Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
46Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
47Department of Pathology, GasthuisZusters Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.
48Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
49Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
50Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
51Translational Spatial Profiling Center (TSPC), Heidelberg, Germany.
52Division of Dermatopathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
53Department of Astronomy and Physics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
54The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
55Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
56Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
57Ultivue, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
58Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Oro Valley, Arizona, USA.
59Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
60Merck, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
61Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
62Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA.
63Division of Dermatopathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA jtaube1@jh.edu.
Abstract
Multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry (mIF/IHC) are increasingly employed antibody-based technologies that use tissue sparingly and facilitate the detection of co-localized or neighboring biomarkers. Specifically, these platforms enable spatial analyses of the tumor microenvironment as well as extended applications, for example, describing normal tissue anatomy, autoimmunity, infec…
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