Race- and Sex-Associated Electrocardiographic Repolarization Characteristics in Young American Athletes in the Digital Age.

Jason V Tso¹, Samuel Montalvo², Filipe Ferrari³, Briana Collins⁴, Skyler Jones⁵, Jeffrey W Christle⁶, David Hadley⁷, Bradley J Petek⁸, Victor Froelicher⁹

¹Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford, California, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. Electronic address: jvtso@stanford.edu.

²Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

³Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

⁴Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

⁵Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford, California, USA.

⁶Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford, California, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

⁷Cardiac Insight Inc, Bellevue, Washington, USA.

⁸Sports Cardiology Program, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

⁹Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Cardiac Insight Inc, Bellevue, Washington, USA.

PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The 2017 International Criteria for electrocardiographic (ECG) Interpretation in athletes include differential interpretation of anterior T-wave inversion (TWI) based on sex and race. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze race- and sex-associated TWI differences and T-wave amplitudes in a digital ECG database of American athletes. METHODS: The authors analyzed 8,758 at…

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