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Transl Psychiatry2025;15(1):505.November 27, 2025Journal Article

Model-based planning is unaffected by ketamine, antidepressant and internet delivered cognitive behavioural therapy treatments in depression.

Kelly R Donegan1,2, Shabnam Hossein3, Benjamin M Panny3, Vanessa M Brown4, Chi Tak Lee1,2,5, Siobhan Harty1,2,5, Kevin Lynch1,2, Celine Fox1,2, Anna K Hanlon1,2, Veronica O'Keane1,6,7, Klaas E Stephan8,9, Claire M Gillan10,11,12, Rebecca B Price13,14
1Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
2School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
3Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
4Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
5Amwell Science, One Stephen Street Upper, Dublin, Ireland.
6Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
7Tallaght Hospital, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.
8Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
9Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
10Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. gillancl@tcd.ie.
11School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. gillancl@tcd.ie.
12Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. gillancl@tcd.ie.
13Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. pricerb@upmc.edu.
14Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. pricerb@upmc.edu.
PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

Cognitive impairments have been observed in patients with depression. These include deficits in inhibition, shifting, and updating; cognitive processes that are critical for goal-directed control over behavior ('model-based planning'). Nevertheless, results of model-based planning in depression have been mixed. We aimed to address this by taking a within-person approach, examining model-based plan…

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