Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Lancet Infect Dis2026;26(3):e168-e180.March 1, 2026Journal Article

Artificial intelligence and infectious disease diagnostics: state of the art and future perspectives.

Luca Miglietta1, Timothy M Rawson2, Ronald Galiwango3, Alex Tasker4, Damien K Ming5, Darlington Akogo6, Cecilia Ferreyra7, Eric O Aboagye8, N Claire Gordon9, Carolina Garcia-Vidal10, Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano11, Alison H Holmes2
1Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation Network, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
2Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation Network, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK; The David Price Evans Global Health & Infectious Diseases Group, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; The Fleming Initiative, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
3The African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; The Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
4Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
5Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation Network, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; The Fleming Initiative, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
6MinoHealth AI Labs, Ashongman Estates, Ghana.
7FIND, Geneva, Switzerland.
8Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
9Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency, Wiltshire, UK.
10Infectious Diseases Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
11Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation Network, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK; The David Price Evans Global Health & Infectious Diseases Group, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; The Fleming Initiative, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; ProtonDx, Translation & Innovation Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: j.rodriguez-manzano@imperial.ac.uk.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping infectious disease diagnostics by supporting clinical decision making, optimising laboratory and clinical workflows, and enabling real-time disease surveillance. AI approaches improve pathogen detection, antimicrobial stewardship, and treatment monitoring, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. The role of AI in combating antimicrobial…

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