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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Toxicol Pathol2025;53(6):516-535.August 1, 2025Journal Article

Digital Pathology and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Nonclinical Toxicology Pathology-The Current State, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Gabriele Pohlmeyer-Esch1, Charles Halsey2, Julie Boisclair3, Sripad Ram2, Sarah Kirschner-Kitz1, Brian Knight4, Pierre Moulin5, Anna-Lena Frisk6
1Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.
2Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA.
3Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
4Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
5Deciphex Ltd., Dublin, Ireland.
6Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium.

Abstract

Advancements in digital pathology and artificial intelligence (AI) have enormous transformative potential for nonclinical toxicologic pathology and are already changing the ways in which pathologists work. However, due to the rapid evolution of digital pathology and AI, the toxicologic pathology community would benefit from an update on these advancements, which can be used to aid drug development…

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