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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Prog Cardiovasc Dis2025;8969-77.January 1, 2025Journal Article

Proposed enhanced recommendations for interpretation of electrocardiographic screening of athletes.

Victor Froelicher1, Mustafa Husaini2, Jason V Tso3, Samuel Montalvo4, Jeffrey Christle5, Marco V Perez6, David Hadley7, Matthew Wheeler8, Ricardo Stein9, Victoria Vetter10, Jeffrey J Hsu11, Irfan M Asif12, Kristofer Hedman13, Anna Carlén14, Kegan Moneghetti15, Euan Ashley16
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, Department of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd MC 5687, Stanford, CA 94304, United States of America; Cardiac Insight Inc, Bellevue, Seattle, United States of America. Electronic address: victorf@stanford.edu.
2Washington University in St. Louis, United States of America. Electronic address: husainim@wustl.edu.
3Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, Department of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd MC 5687, Stanford, CA 94304, United States of America. Electronic address: jvtso@stanford.edu.
4Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, Department of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd MC 5687, Stanford, CA 94304, United States of America. Electronic address: smontal@stanford.edu.
5Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, Department of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd MC 5687, Stanford, CA 94304, United States of America. Electronic address: christle@stanford.edu.
6Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, Department of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd MC 5687, Stanford, CA 94304, United States of America. Electronic address: mvperez@stanford.edu.
7Cardiac Insight Inc, Bellevue, Seattle, United States of America. Electronic address: dhadley@cardiacinsightinc.com.
8Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, Department of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd MC 5687, Stanford, CA 94304, United States of America. Electronic address: wheelerm@stanford.edu.
9Exercise Cardiology Research Group (CardioEx), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
10The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America. Electronic address: vetter@chop.edu.
11Division of Cardiology, UCLA Health & West LA VA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America. Electronic address: jjhsu@mednet.ucla.edu.
12University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB) Heersink School of Medicine, United States of America. Electronic address: iasif@uab.edu.
13Department of Clinical Physiology, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: kristofer.hedman@liu.se.
14Department of Clinical Physiology, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) research group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: anna.carlen@liu.se.
15National Centre for Sports Cardiology St Vincent's Hospital, Australia.
16Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, Department of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd MC 5687, Stanford, CA 94304, United States of America. Electronic address: euan@stanford.edu.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

While there is ongoing debate about the role of the 12‑lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) in the routine screening of young athletes during pre-participation evaluations, studies continue to support the use of ECG within properly organized settings. This paper aims to offer considerations for enhancing the International ECG recommendations for the interpretation of the ECGs of young athletes through an…

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