Peer-Reviewed Publication
Magn Reson Med2025;93(6):2507-2534.June 1, 2025Journal Article
Considerations and recommendations from the ISMRM diffusion study group for preclinical diffusion MRI: Part 1: In vivo small-animal imaging.
Ileana O Jelescu1,2, Francesco Grussu3,4, Andrada Ianus5,6, Brian Hansen7, Rachel L C Barrett8,9, Manisha Aggarwal10, Stijn Michielse11, Fatima Nasrallah12, Warda Syeda13, Nian Wang14,15, Jelle Veraart16, Alard Roebroeck17, Andrew F Bagdasarian18,19, Cornelius Eichner20, Farshid Sepehrband21, Jan Zimmermann22, Lucas Soustelle23, Christien Bowman24,25, Benjamin C Tendler26, Andreea Hertanu1, Ben Jeurissen27,28, Marleen Verhoye24,25, Lucio Frydman29, Yohan van de Looij30, David Hike18,19, Jeff F Dunn31,32,33, Karla Miller34, Bennett A Landman35, Noam Shemesh5, Adam Anderson36,37, Emilie McKinnon38, Shawna Farquharson39, Flavio Dell'Acqua40, Carlo Pierpaoli41, Ivana Drobnjak42, Alexander Leemans43, Kevin D Harkins36,44,45, Maxime Descoteaux46,47, Duan Xu48, Hao Huang49,50, Mathieu D Santin51,52, Samuel C Grant18,19, Andre Obenaus53,54, Gene S Kim55, Dan Wu56, Denis Le Bihan57,58, Stephen J Blackband59,60,61, Luisa Ciobanu62, Els Fieremans63, Ruiliang Bai64,65, Trygve B Leergaard66, Jiangyang Zhang67, Tim B Dyrby68,69, G Allan Johnson70,71, Julien Cohen-Adad72,73,74, Matthew D Budde75,76, Kurt G Schilling36,44
1Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
2CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
3Radiomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
4Queen Square MS Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
5Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
7Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
8Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
9NatBrainLab, Department of Forensics and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
10Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
11Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
12The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
13Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
14Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
15Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
16Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
17Faculty of psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
18Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
19Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National HIgh Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
20Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
21USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.
22Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
23Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France.
24Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
25μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
26Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
27imec Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
28Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
29Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
30Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.
31Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
32Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
33Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
34FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
35Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
36Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
37Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
38Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
39National Imaging Facility, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
40Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
41Laboratory on Quantitative Medical imaging, NIBIB, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
42Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
43PROVIDI Lab, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
44Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
45Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
46Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaing Lab (SCIL), Computer Science Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
47Imeka Solutions, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
48Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
49Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
50Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
51Centre for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
52Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France.
53Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.
54Preclinical and Translational Imaging Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
55Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
56Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
57CEA, DRF, JOLIOT, NeuroSpin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
58Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
59Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
60McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
61National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
62NeuroSpin, UMR CEA/CNRS 9027, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
63Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
64Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
65Frontier Center of Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
66Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
67Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
68Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
69Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
70Duke Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
71Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
72NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
73Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
74Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
75Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
76Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Abstract
Small-animal diffusion MRI (dMRI) has been used for methodological development and validation, characterizing the biological basis of diffusion phenomena, and comparative anatomy. The steps from animal setup and monitoring, to acquisition, analysis, and interpretation are complex, with many decisions that may ultimately affect what questions can be answered using the resultant data. This work aims…
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