1Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, 60615, IL, USA.
2Department of Statistics and Data Science, National University of Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
3Oak Ridge national Laboratory, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, 37830, TN, USA.
4Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, 02130, MA, USA.
5VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, 02130, MA, USA.
6Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
7Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, 1121 West Main St, Durham, 27708, NC, USA.
8Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
9Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
10VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, 02130, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
11Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA.
12Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, 02130, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
13Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, 02130, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
14VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, 02130, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA. Electronic address: junweilu@hsph.harvard.edu.