1Department of Family and Community Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, United States.
2The Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
3Virginia Health Information, Richmond, VA 23219, United States.
4Virginia Center for Health Innovation, Henrico, VA 23233, United States.
5Milliman MedInsight, Seattle, WA 98101, United States.
6Center for Value-Based Insurance Design, University of Michigan School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
7Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
8RAND Health Care, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90401, United States.