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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Nat Commun2022;13(1):7346.December 5, 2022Journal Article

Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection.

Sarthak Pati1,2,3,4, Ujjwal Baid1,2,3, Brandon Edwards5, Micah Sheller5, Shih-Han Wang5, G Anthony Reina5, Patrick Foley5, Alexey Gruzdev5, Deepthi Karkada5, Christos Davatzikos1,2, Chiharu Sako1,2, Satyam Ghodasara2, Michel Bilello1,2, Suyash Mohan1,2, Philipp Vollmuth6, Gianluca Brugnara6, Chandrakanth J Preetha6, Felix Sahm7,8, Klaus Maier-Hein9,10, Maximilian Zenk9, Martin Bendszus6, Wolfgang Wick7,11, Evan Calabrese12, Jeffrey Rudie12, Javier Villanueva-Meyer12, Soonmee Cha12, Madhura Ingalhalikar13, Manali Jadhav13, Umang Pandey13, Jitender Saini14, John Garrett15,16, Matthew Larson15, Robert Jeraj15,16, Stuart Currie17, Russell Frood17, Kavi Fatania17, Raymond Y Huang18, Ken Chang19, Carmen Balaña20, Jaume Capellades21, Josep Puig22, Johannes Trenkler23, Josef Pichler24, Georg Necker23, Andreas Haunschmidt23, Stephan Meckel23,25, Gaurav Shukla1,26, Spencer Liem27, Gregory S Alexander28, Joseph Lombardo27,29, Joshua D Palmer30, Adam E Flanders31, Adam P Dicker29, Haris I Sair32,33, Craig K Jones33, Archana Venkataraman34, Meirui Jiang35, Tiffany Y So35, Cheng Chen35, Pheng Ann Heng35, Qi Dou35, Michal Kozubek36, Filip Lux36, Jan Michálek36, Petr Matula36, Miloš Keřkovský37, Tereza Kopřivová37, Marek Dostál37,38, Václav Vybíhal39, Michael A Vogelbaum40, J Ross Mitchell41,42, Joaquim Farinhas43, Joseph A Maldjian44, Chandan Ganesh Bangalore Yogananda44, Marco C Pinho44, Divya Reddy44, James Holcomb44, Benjamin C Wagner44, Benjamin M Ellingson45,46, Timothy F Cloughesy46, Catalina Raymond45, Talia Oughourlian45,47, Akifumi Hagiwara47, Chencai Wang47, Minh-Son To48,49, Sargam Bhardwaj48, Chee Chong50, Marc Agzarian50,51, Alexandre Xavier Falcão52, Samuel B Martins53, Bernardo C A Teixeira54,55, Flávia Sprenger55, David Menotti56, Diego R Lucio56, Pamela LaMontagne57, Daniel Marcus57, Benedikt Wiestler58,59, Florian Kofler58,59,60, Ivan Ezhov4,59,60, Marie Metz58, Rajan Jain61,62, Matthew Lee61, Yvonne W Lui61, Richard McKinley63, Johannes Slotboom63, Piotr Radojewski63, Raphael Meier63, Roland Wiest63, Derrick Murcia64, Eric Fu64, Rourke Haas64, John Thompson64, David Ryan Ormond64, Chaitra Badve65, Andrew E Sloan66,67,68, Vachan Vadmal68, Kristin Waite69, Rivka R Colen70,71, Linmin Pei72, Murat Ak70, Ashok Srinivasan73, J Rajiv Bapuraj73, Arvind Rao74, Nicholas Wang74, Ota Yoshiaki73, Toshio Moritani73, Sevcan Turk73, Joonsang Lee74, Snehal Prabhudesai74, Fanny Morón75, Jacob Mandel51, Konstantinos Kamnitsas76,77, Ben Glocker76, Luke V M Dixon78, Matthew Williams79, Peter Zampakis80, Vasileios Panagiotopoulos81, Panagiotis Tsiganos82, Sotiris Alexiou83, Ilias Haliassos84, Evangelia I Zacharaki83, Konstantinos Moustakas83, Christina Kalogeropoulou80, Dimitrios M Kardamakis85, Yoon Seong Choi86, Seung-Koo Lee86, Jong Hee Chang86, Sung Soo Ahn86, Bing Luo87, Laila Poisson88, Ning Wen87,89, Pallavi Tiwari90, Ruchika Verma42,90, Rohan Bareja90, Ipsa Yadav90, Jonathan Chen90, Neeraj Kumar41,42, Marion Smits91, Sebastian R van der Voort91, Ahmed Alafandi91, Fatih Incekara91,92, Maarten M J Wijnenga93, Georgios Kapsas91, Renske Gahrmann91, Joost W Schouten92, Hendrikus J Dubbink94, Arnaud J P E Vincent92, Martin J van den Bent93, Pim J French93, Stefan Klein95, Yading Yuan96, Sonam Sharma96, Tzu-Chi Tseng96, Saba Adabi96, Simone P Niclou97, Olivier Keunen98, Ann-Christin Hau97,99, Martin Vallières100,101, David Fortin101,102, Martin Lepage101,103, Bennett Landman104, Karthik Ramadass104, Kaiwen Xu105, Silky Chotai106, Lola B Chambless106, Akshitkumar Mistry106, Reid C Thompson106, Yuriy Gusev107, Krithika Bhuvaneshwar107, Anousheh Sayah108, Camelia Bencheqroun107, Anas Belouali107, Subha Madhavan107, Thomas C Booth109,110, Alysha Chelliah109, Marc Modat109, Haris Shuaib111,112, Carmen Dragos111, Aly Abayazeed113, Kenneth Kolodziej113, Michael Hill113, Ahmed Abbassy114, Shady Gamal114, Mahmoud Mekhaimar114, Mohamed Qayati114, Mauricio Reyes115, Ji Eun Park116, Jihye Yun116, Ho Sung Kim116, Abhishek Mahajan117, Mark Muzi118, Sean Benson119, Regina G H Beets-Tan120,121, Jonas Teuwen119, Alejandro Herrera-Trujillo122,123, Maria Trujillo123, William Escobar122,123, Ana Abello123, Jose Bernal123,124, Jhon Gómez123, Joseph Choi125, Stephen Baek126, Yusung Kim127, Heba Ismael127, Bryan Allen127, John M Buatti127, Aikaterini Kotrotsou128, Hongwei Li129, Tobias Weiss130, Michael Weller130, Andrea Bink131, Bertrand Pouymayou131, Hassan F Shaykh132, Joel Saltz133, Prateek Prasanna133, Sampurna Shrestha133, Kartik M Mani133,134, David Payne135, Tahsin Kurc133,136, Enrique Pelaez137, Heydy Franco-Maldonado138, Francis Loayza137, Sebastian Quevedo139, Pamela Guevara140, Esteban Torche140, Cristobal Mendoza140, Franco Vera140, Elvis Ríos140, Eduardo López140, Sergio A Velastin141, Godwin Ogbole142, Mayowa Soneye142, Dotun Oyekunle142, Olubunmi Odafe-Oyibotha143, Babatunde Osobu142, Mustapha Shu'aibu144, Adeleye Dorcas145, Farouk Dako2,146, Amber L Simpson112,147, Mohammad Hamghalam147,148, Jacob J Peoples147, Ricky Hu147, Anh Tran147, Danielle Cutler149, Fabio Y Moraes150, Michael A Boss151, James Gimpel151, Deepak Kattil Veettil151, Kendall Schmidt152, Brian Bialecki152, Sailaja Marella151, Cynthia Price151, Lisa Cimino151, Charles Apgar151, Prashant Shah5, Bjoern Menze4,129, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan69,153, Jason Martin5, Spyridon Bakas154,155,156
1Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
2Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
4Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
5Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
6Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
7Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
8Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
9Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
10Pattern Analysis and Learning Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
11Neurology Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
12Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
13Symbiosis Center for Medical Image Analysis, Symbiosis International University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
14Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
15Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
16Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
17Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Department of Radiology, Leeds, UK.
18Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
19Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
20Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain.
21Consorci MAR Parc de Salut de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
22Department of Radiology (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain.
23Institute of Neuroradiology, Neuromed Campus (NMC), Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria.
24Department of Neurooncology, Neuromed Campus (NMC), Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria.
25Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany.
26Department of Radiation Oncology, Christiana Care Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
27Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
28Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
29Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
30Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
31Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
32The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
33The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, The Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
34Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
35The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
36Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
37Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
38Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
39Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, and University Hospital and Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
40Department of Neuro Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
41University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
42Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
43Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
44University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
45UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
46UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CaA, USA.
47Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
48College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
49Division of Surgery and Perioperative Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
50South Australia Medical Imaging, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
51Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
52Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
53Federal Institute of São Paulo, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
54Instituto de Neurologia de Curitiba, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
55Department of Radiology, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
56Department of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
57Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
58Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
59TranslaTUM (Zentralinstitut für translationale Krebsforschung der Technischen Universität München), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
60Image-Based Biomedical Modeling, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
61Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
62Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
63Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
64Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
65Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA.
66Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals-Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
67Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
68Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
69National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA.
70Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
71Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
72University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
73Department of Neuroradiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
74Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
75Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
76Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK.
77Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
78Department of Radiology, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, UK.
79Computational Oncology Group, Institute for Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
80Department of NeuroRadiology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
81Department of Neurosurgery, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
82Clinical Radiology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
83Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
84Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
85Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
86Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
87Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
88Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
89SJTU-Ruijin-UIH Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
90Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
91Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
92Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
93Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
94Department of Pathology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
95Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
96Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
97NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
98Translation Radiomics, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
99Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, Laboratoire National De Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
100Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
101Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalière Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
102Division of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
103Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
104Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
105Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
106Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
107Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
108Division of Neuroradiology & Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
109School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
110Department of Neuroradiology, Ruskin Wing, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
111Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury, UK.
112Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
113Neosoma Inc., Groton, MA, USA.
114University of Cairo School of Medicine, Giza, Egypt.
115University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
116Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
117The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK.
118Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
119Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
120Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
121GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, Netherlands.
122Clínica Imbanaco Grupo Quirón Salud, Cali, Colombia.
123Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
124The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
125Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.
126Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
127Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
128MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
129Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
130Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
131Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
132University of Alabama in Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
133Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
134Department of Radiation Oncology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
135Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
136Scientific Data Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
137Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador.
138Sociedad de Lucha Contral el Cancer - SOLCA, Guayaquil Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
139Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.
140Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Biobío, Chile.
141School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
142Department of Radiology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.
143Clinix Healthcare, Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
144Department of Radiology, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
145Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria.
146Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
147School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
148Department of Electrical Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
149The Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
150Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
151Center for Research and Innovation, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
152Data Science Institute, American College of Radiology, Reston, VA, USA.
153Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
154Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. sbakas@upenn.edu.
155Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. sbakas@upenn.edu.
156Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. sbakas@upenn.edu.

Abstract

Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise across disciplines, out-of-sample generalizability is concerning. This is currently addressed by sharing multi-site data, but such centralization is challenging/infeasible to scale due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative paradigm for accurate and generalizable ML, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here we present…

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